اگر بخواهیم بسیار کلی و مبهم صحبت کنیم، باید بگوییم که کاریزما نوعی ویژگی و خصوصیت است که برخی افراد دارند. کسانی که ما به آنها افراد کاریزماتیک می‌گوییم.

کسانی ویژگی کاریزماتیک بودن را دارند، در ارتباط با دیگران چه در تعامل‌های عادی روزمره و چه به عنوان یک الگو و فرد الهام‌بخش، در لایه‌های عمیق احساسی بر روی دیگران تاثیر می‌گذارند.

جذاب بودن آنها از نظر دیگران، اثرگذار بودن نظر و حضورشان (جذبه داشتن) و قدرت جهت دادن به دیگران (چه یه فرد و چه گروهی از انسان‌ها)، از جمله ویژگی‌هایی است که شاید با شنیدن واژه‌ی کاریزما یا افراد کاریزماتیک در ذهن شما و بسیاری از انسان‌ها، تداعی شود.

معنی کلمه کاریزما چیست؟ شخصیت کاریزماتیک چه کسی است؟
مانند بسیاری دیگر از کلمه‌های زبان انگلیسی، برای آشنایی با ریشه کلمه کاریزما و معنی کاریزماتیک بودن نیز به سراغ ادبیات یونان و روم بروید.

خاریس نام دختر (یا دخترانی) افسانه‌ای است که در ادبیات اسطوره‌ای یونان، به عنوان نماد زیبایی و جذابیت شناخته می‌شدند (البته این کلمه را در زبان انگلیسی به صورت Charis می‌نویسند).

البته خود واژه‌ی Charis به معنای جذابیت نبوده و معنای لطف خدایان را داشته است (در واقع نعمت و لطف زیبایی و جذابیت، نصیب این‌ها شده بود).

اما بعدها خود این واژه با جذابیت مترادف شد.

بنابراین اگر بخواهیم معنی کاریزما را با توجه به ریشه لغوی آن حدس بزنیم باید به جذابیت فکر کنیم و فرض کنیم شخصیت کاریزماتیک، شخصیتی است که برای دیگران جذاب است.

بحث کاریزما در چه رشته‌هایی از علم مطرح می‌شود؟
اصطلاح کاریزما و بحث افراد کاریزماتیک در رشته‌های مختلفی مطرح شده و مورد بحث قرار گرفته است که از جمله آنها می‌توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد:

کاریزما در جامعه شناسی در بحث کاریزما به عنوان منشاء قدرت و مشروعیت

کاریزما در روانشناسی در قالب ویژگیهای افراد کاریزماتیک و ریشه شکل گیری کاریزما

کاریزما در علوم سیاسی در تحلیل رهبران کاریزماتیک

کاریزما در مهارت ارتباطی به عنوان یک مولفه‌ی اثرگذاری در متقاعدسازی

کاریزما در مدیریت و رهبری سازمانی

کاریزما به عنوان یکی از منابع قدرت در مذاکره

نه‌تنها تعریف کاریزما در حوزه‌های فوق با یکدیگر تفاوت دارد، بلکه درون هر یک از حوزه‌ها هم هنوز اتفاق نظر مشخصی روی تعریف کاریزما و اینکه چه کسی را می‌توان کاریزماتیک دانست موجود نیست.

Neda Yazdani

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